What is the impact of empowerment on the factors of organizational Essay

What is the effect of strengthening on the variables of authoritative conduct in five star inns in the USA - Essay Example Strengthening has become a worldwide pattern and just those lodgings which appropriately engage their representatives will succeed. Exploration completed by, Wagner Iii, John A. (1994) found the accompanying as effects of strengthening: †¢Meaning †¢Results †¢Challenge and a chance to learn †¢Respect and acknowledgment †¢Freedom at work †¢Affiliation. As indicated by Betttencons, Lance E. An and Steven W.Brown (1978), strengthening in USA inns has been actualized somewhat of achievement in certain states. In a resulting concentrate on New York lodgings, Fasa (1995) fundamentally broke down how strengthening can drive organizations to exceed expectations. In his discoveries he concocted three significant degrees of strengthening in associations: representative business relations, worker †client relations just as the representative employment. Strengthening and Organization conduct. In an investigation directed on strengthening in Canada, Whitener, Ellen M. (2000. p 234) saw that: â€Å"Workers are enabled through giving them authority and obligation to settle on choices influencing their work with at least impedance and re-thinking by managers.† Job of worker strengthening Lodgings rely upon worker communications with clients to gain business. Regardless of whether a lodging is going to keep drawing in clients or not relies particularly upon how its workers associate with clients. In this way, client discernment on an association is a lot of reliant on conduct of the laborers .It can along these lines be contended that, the conduct of representatives working in lodgings should continually be evaluated and displayed to guarantee that it mirror the inns standard and mission.

The Two Tragic Gods With Dual Personality free essay sample

The Two Tragic Gods With Dual Personalityâ€Demeter and Dionysus Unlike other everlasting divine beings, who were little use to individuals, and were consistently radiant, Demeter and Dionysus, known as lords of gather, were without a doubt humankind’s closest companions; be that as it may, them two additionally carried an appalling predetermination. Revealed their extraordinary appearance, we could see that the two incredible divine forces of Earth were lords of harvesting as well as of anguish. At whatever point winter came, the low temperature and the ice would shrink the yields and grapes, left just wilted braches. Endured more than this, Dionysus would pass on in a horrendous path with the happening to the chilly: he was attacked pieces, however was constantly breathed life into back; he kicked the bucket and rose once more. Then again, Demeter would not bite the dust, yet she additionally experienced the difficult separateness of her adored little girl Persephone. It was notable that both of the two divinities had another character. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Two Tragic Gods With Dual Personality or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Demeter’s outrage was a loathsome weapon. Referenced in the book THE CLASSIC BESTSELLER MYTHOLOGY, Demeter could let nothing develop on Earth and transformed it into a desolate, leafless land. As men consistently considered her the â€Å"Good Goddess†, she additionally included a thoughtful appearance. Be that as it may, among every one of her characters, distress was chief. Be that as it may, at that point, Dionysus, similar to wine was acceptable just as terrible, additionally had two individual characters. He was man’s promoter and was man’s destroyer. His wine was nurturing, and could mend a few diseases, however it was likewise lethal at whatever point you drink excessively. Bringing all the great and awful things to mankind, Dionysus additionally was the shocking god as I referenced previously. He was likewise the encapsulation of the existence that is more grounded than death, for he would rise each time he kicked the bucket. He was the affirmation that passing doesn't end all. Holding great and terrible, procuring and enduring highlights, the two extraordinary lords of Earthâ€Demeter and Dionysus were mankind’s closest companions as well as a shocking destiny victim.

5+ Best Sites To Sell Facebook Applications

5+ Best Sites To Sell Facebook Applications Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5+ Best Sites To Sell Facebook ApplicationsUpdated On 07/10/2019Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : FacebookShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozelZ7 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogEarlier we saw the resources for selling ebooks and also for selling websites/blogs.Facebook and iPhone Applications development became a hobby for programmers and developers. The good thing is, they can even earn money from it. Either by monetizing it or by selling the application itself.Now we are going to see 5+ Top and best websites for selling your Facebook Applications.1. Sitepoint MarketplaceSitePoint Marketplace has around 1000+ unique visitors, so it is easy to grab opportunities. The buyers expect good Google PR, quality backlinks, unique visitors and moderate revenue. The fee is minimal and the rest in marketing skills, with which you can promote your blog easily. You can also buy sell premi um web sites, established web sites, startup websites and more. It will also act as a good place to sell your ebooks.2. Inside facebookInside Facebook is an independent service of Inside Network, the first company dedicated to providing news and market research to the Facebook platform and social gaming ecosystem. Inside Facebook decided to accept free listings for Facebook Applications for sale by developers. Inside Facebook has huge amount of readers and subscribers.3. AlturaAltura is interested in helping asset owners realize a nice return on their investment by selling their App, Web Site and/or Company. For many entrepreneurs, the number of potential buyers for their assets is limited to a fairly small circle of local investors and a relatively meager Rolodex of prior business contacts.This leads to a lower valuation for their asset because they either dont know the buyers who would most highly value the asset or they cant get the attention of these buyers. Therefore, the lone entrepreneur often has to settle for a less than ideal price.READFacebook Link Previews Not Working Properly? Try This Then!4. AppbidThrough Appbid you can easily buy and sell Facebook and opensocial applications, as well as websites and get developers to bid on your projects. Your Facebook Applications may also be featured and it will get a chance to have the maximum exposure.5. Digital Point Forums I’m was an active member of Digital Point Forums and I have seen some threads related to it. Your Facebook Applications will get good exposure and if luck favors, you may earn some good bucks there. This site not only allows you to buy or sell Facebook Applications, but also websites/blogs templates, services, domain, and so on. The best part in Digital Point Forums is that they are absolutely free and their iTrader helps you find reliable, trusted and questionable buyers and sellers.6. eBayLast but not least, eBay is the worlds most popular online shopping mall providing free online auctions for products like mobiles, cameras and other stuffs. Quite recently many people started selling their Facebook Applications through eBay too. So it is worth trying!7. ZuckerbidZuckerbid is a marketplace dedicated to Facebook app acquisitions. During the beta release, It is 100% free to list an app. Buyers can sort through apps based on monthly active users, and platform.Addicted to Facebook? Then you must catch these articles!10 Cool Tricks For Facebook Users10+ Tips To Identify Fake Profiles On FacebookHow To Report Fake Facebook Profile Pages2 Easy Steps To Find Facebook Profile/Page IDHope you found this little resource list useful. Tweet and share it. Meanwhile, if you know any other top cum cool website for selling Facebook Applications, please share it in the comments! ??

The Challenge Of Tolerance Within A Multicultural Society

Introduction: Toleration is a key part of any modern peaceful well-functioning society. As traveling became more convenient, and migration became more common, multicultural societies have come into existence. These societies have made theories of toleration more complicated, as they demand more than ‘mere’ toleration. This essay will explore the reasons behind this, and how such societies peacefully coexist. I will then explore how Rawls, Taylor, Kymlicka, and Parekh have tackled the challenge of tolerance in a pluralist society. Finally, I will examine the phrase ‘groups of individuals’ and how this has become a challenge to political theorists. Why the coexistence of individuals with different histories, cultures and identities in modern society demands more than ‘mere’ toleration: Migration is a key part of modern societies, and as people migrate multicultural societies come into existence. Within a multicultural society, there are many individuals with different ways of living that have to coexist together. Keeping such a society peaceful and happy can be very challenging, and requires more than ‘merely’ tolerating each other. There are several reasons behind this. Firstly, toleration has a traditionally negative meaning behind it. To tolerate something is to put up with it, or endure it . In order for tolerance to be required, something must first be objected to. Because of this negativity, to merely tolerate someone can mean that you still disapprove of it, and thisShow MoreRelatedThe Cabot School District Strives to Meet the Educational Needs of Every Student1344 Words   |  6 Pagesrespect, and successfully adapt to the demands of a rapidly changing society. The Cabot School District strives to meet the needs of â€Å"Every Child, Every C lassroom, and Every Day†. The Cabot School District is committed to meeting the needs of all students not only academically but also socially and culturally by creating an atmosphere that embraces diversity and provides students with meaningful diversified and multicultural educational opportunities. The goals and objectives set forth in thisRead MoreThe Diversity Of A Multicultural Organization1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe multicultural organization Historically, diversity in the workplace was seen as an employment equity issues. As the years passed by, it all changed. The surge of globalization has needed the collaboration among people of different backgrounds and cultures. Nowadays, organizations are now creating a diverse workforce beyond just gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality. Many U.S. organizations are embracing women, ethnic minorities, and foreign-born employees more than ever before in historyRead MoreQuestions and Answers on Leadership1168 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen and continues to be an issue in the public school setting. What can I do as a leader to enhance diversity in my school and what can I do to make the climate more multicultural? Those are questions that must be addressed and answered. As Koppelman (2014) states, â€Å"The challenge confronting us today is how to become multicultural individuals. In the teaching profession, that question will be answered by white-middle class individuals- primari ly women† (p. 337). He is right. If the issue ofRead MoreFor The Past Two Decades, Canadian Population Is Increasingly1439 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation is increasingly diverse and multicultural by the huge wave of newcomers who will adopt and immerse different â€Å"cultural practices† in contributing to the national development (Parent Clydesdale, 2016). Canada is also one of the first countries in the world that has issued multicultural official policy since 1971. The concept of multiculturalism is referred to academic views about the equality and respect for variant cultures, religions, races and behaviours within a country. This term has beenRead MoreCanadas Multicultural Dynamic1357 Words   |  6 PagesCanada’s multicultural dynamic presents the country with a unique perspective unlike no other. The nation is made up of citizens with different heritages, traditions and practices that have positively integrated into Canadian society ever since the go vernment began to acknowledge diversity within the country. This paper will argue that multiculturalism represents a qualitatively better approach to ethnic diversity than did the Canadian immigration and cultural policies that preceded it. RestrictedRead MoreCentering The Margins Of The Life Of Missionary Disciples862 Words   |  4 PagesLiving in a multicultural environment creates within us a feeling of complicated-cultural-ethnic mix. Unity becomes an aspiration for human beings, especially Christians who are called to create relationships and to erase borders that separate us from one another. This paper will discuss the nature of marginality and what should we do to overcome these challenges. With baptismal identity and inspiration, missionary disciples are at the front line to approach the â€Å"margins† of the society, and to respondsRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effects On Culture1087 Words   |  5 Pagesmore multicultural societies. Unfortunately for many, â⠂¬Å"foreign† has become synonymous with danger (Rothkopf). The debate between cultural unity and cultural plurality dates back to the Greeks where they questioned universal human goodness and the differences between societies. More than two millennia later, the issue of a common versus diverse human culture remains contentious. This paper argues that a diverse human culture is more desirable than a universal culture because states and societies benefitRead MoreMulticulturalism : A Multicultural Perspective On Or A Way Of Viewing Life1429 Words   |  6 Pagesexplanations on why a pluralistic society should be allowed to thrive in a single society. In his reading Parekh, explains in depth the reasons behind why cultural differences should be respected and tolerated. The main point of Parekh’s essay is how multicultural societies are bound to create situations of disagreement between communities and create crisis. Parekh’s essay involves weighing in on particular cultural traditions against the values of the larger multicultural society, that is, the balancingRead MoreSocial Justice in Conseling860 Words   |  3 Pagesaspects to consider within the interaction between counselor and client in order to provide the most fairest treatment available. These aspects are derived from the dynamics of the goals and process of the counseling session and constituted by policy and law development. The goals and processes are focused upon embodying individual and family systems and the policies and law development is developed through advocacy of making the focus more just and equal to the communities and society at large. CounselingRead MoreThe Emotional Intensity Of The Clinical Material785 Words   |  4 Pagestorture. Williams and Berry (1991) proposed a few suggestions to make changes at systemic level. These changes comprises developing school curricula that promote multicultural and multiracial understanding and tolerance, increasing public education programs to raise the knowledge and acceptance of the benefits of pluralism to a society, and of the contribution of newcomers to the cultural and economic life of the country, increasing public awareness of the possible difficulties faced by newcomers

Alexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson - 871 Words

Conflicting views and contrasting ideologies have always existed throughout the history of United States politics. Alexander Hamilton, who led Federalist Party, believed that a powerful central government was necessary while Thomas Jefferson, who led the Jeffersonian Republican Party, favored an agrarian nation with most of the power left to the states. Although Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were similar in that they both harbored good intentions and tried to keep the best interests in mind for the future of the United States, their policies were drastically different. Without doubt, both of their contrasting ideas served a vital role in forming the government. The Federalist Party was mostly made up of well-educated people such as merchants, bankers and manufacturers. According to historian Eric Foner, Hamilton’s â€Å"long term goal was to make the United States a major commercial and military power,† Hamilton used Great Britain as a model of economic development, and greatly stressed the importance of government aid in manufacturing, trade, and commerce. As stated by Foner, â€Å"Hamilton’s program called for the creation of a Bank of the United States, modeled on the Bank of England, to serve as the nation’s main financial agent.† His plan was to create a private back with the goal of creating a common currency. Lastly, Hamilton and the Federalists distrusted the common people and believed that they were ignorant and incapable of self-rule. Therefore, a strong centralShow MoreRelatedAlexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson1289 Words   |  6 Pages Selina Lewis October 17, 2014 Government Ms. Bishop Alexander Hamilton vs. Thomas Jefferson During the ratification of the Constitution of 1787, the Federalist and Anti-federalist views created tensions and barriers between the two. Federalists, who supported the making of a new document, the Constitution, differed from Anti-federalists who believed that â€Å"the new system threatened liberties and failed to protect individual rights.† Anti-federalist, such as Patrick Henry, James WinthropRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson887 Words   |  4 PagesHamilton vs. Jefferson During the Revolutionary- Federalist Era, politics, parties, programs, policies, and people made an enormous difference in how the new nation should be structured and run. During this era, two men in particular championed politics and their respective parties. These two men were Alexander Hamilton, a Federalist, and Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican. Both Hamilton and Jefferson were successful college educated intellectuals and politicians who made significant contributionsRead MoreThe Forgotten Founder : Alexander Hamilton1196 Words   |  5 PagesAriel Fisher College Composition 3M Mr. Claxton December 10, 2015 The Forgotten Founder Alexander Hamilton was one of the founding fathers of the United States, but little to no people recognize the accomplishments he made. As a young man he fought in the Revolutionary War under the command of George Washington and later went on to become the first Secretary of the Treasury. With a multitude of other achievements under his belt, it’s hard to comprehend how this amazing man became a forgotten figureRead MoreCompare And Contrast Alexander Hamilton And Thomas Jefferson1163 Words   |  5 Pagesclosest advisors, Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, formed the gatherings that started the dual-party system in which the United States operates today. Although both men were important in the Revolution and in the establishment of the United States, they did not coordinate until Washington chose Hamilton to be the Secretary of the Treasury and Jefferson to be the Secretary of State. From the beginning, the two men harbored contradicting dreams of the nations way. Jefferson assumed that AmericasRead MoreFounding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pagesmany different challenges. â€Å"Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation† talks about this challenges and events in different sections that focus on seven historical figures at the time: George Washington, John and Abigail Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, and Adam Burr. Joseph J. Ellis talked about six events, in six chapters, from the time in American history that shaped the ideas that created the United States government that is known today. The chapters are calledRead MoreHamilton Vs Jefferson Essay984 Wo rds   |  4 PagesAlexander Hamilton vs Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton are two very different, yet similar, people. Jefferson grew up in Virginia to a well respected family, while Hamilton was born in the Caribbean Island of St. Croix, but moved to America when he at age thirteen to get a better education. They were both prodigies in writing, Hamilton wrote about a hurricane around eleven, amazing many people, and Jefferson was able to write eloquence with his pen, all throughout his lifeRead MoreThomas Jefferson, Man Of Citizens1000 Words   |  4 Pages Thomas Jefferson† Man of Citizens† Tamika E. Johnson Delaware Technical Community College Thomas Jefferson, a spokesman for democracy, one of American’s Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States from 1801–1809.Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, at Shadwell plantation in western Virginia. His father, Peter Jefferson, was a successful planter and surveyor and his mother, Jane Randolph Jefferson came fromRead MoreEmergence of a Two-Party System 1789-18081405 Words   |  6 Pagesmen who were the leaders of the two parties that were to emerge were Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had a major influence during this time. Hamilton was an active delegate for New York at the Constitutional Convention, the main author of the Federalist papers and the first Secretary of the Treasury for the United States. He was the leader of the Federalist Party. Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence, United States’ f irstRead MoreJefferson Vs Hamilton Vs. Hamilton999 Words   |  4 PagesJefferson vs. Hamilton Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton lived in a time where things in the United States were not extremely stable, and the Declaration of Independence was yet to be set in stone. Jefferson and Hamilton had two separate and different lifestyles and views of the government. Jefferson was born approximately 12 years earlier than Hamilton, on April 13, 1743 in the English Colony of Virginia. Since his father was wealthy, Jefferson received the best education possible and hadRead MoreAnalyze the contributions of Washing and Jefferson in helping establish a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution.1448 Words   |  6 PagesStates Thomas Jefferson. George Washington and Thomas Jeffersons administrations contributed to establishing a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution. They strengthened the national government by passing important legislature, peaceful international affairs and economic plans. Washington strengthened the government financially because during his presidency the financial system was built. George Washington himself did not create the financial system but Alexander Hamilton the secretary

The Use Of Group Work And Family Group Conferencing As...

Task 1 Analyse the use of Group work/family group conferencing as methods of intervention. Group Work This work will focus on the meaning, the five stages of Tuckman’s theory, the approaches and the uses of group work. Group work refers to a method of social work practice which is concerned with the recognition and use of processes which occur when three or more people work together towards a common purpose (Trevithick, 2005). According to Garvin, Gutierrez and Galinsky (2004), the properties that can be use to describe and change group on which the influence may have an impact include group characteristics, competencies, conditions, change and context. A group should be small between five to nine persons, so that each one will be able to relate and engage every member in the group. The group is viewed as a system, the condition of any member affects the other (Fatout, 1992). The five stage Tuckman’s theory (1965) namely forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning focuses on the way in which a group handles a task from the beginning to completion. The main group work approaches are cognitive behaviourist, feminist, psychoanalytic and humanistic approaches. Knowledge of theory enhances effectiveness of group work. Since much of our time is spend in groups, it is helpful to work in groups because it will give an opportunity to improve their human functioning. Group work helps to develop individual skills in communication, relationship building and asserting oneselfShow MoreRelatedFamily Group Conferencing As A Method Of Intervention Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesTask # 1 Analyze the use of Group Work/Family Group Conferencing as a method of intervention Family Group Conferencing Family Group Conferencing is a meeting between family members, the victims and other people like a social worker or an advocate are gathered together to talk about how to take care of their child and also discuss the best way of supporting their family. The people closely work together in order to help find the victims the best decision for their problem. This consistsRead MoreThe Five Stages Of Tuckman s Theory1107 Words   |  5 PagesGroup Work This work will focus on the meaning, the five stages of Tuckman’s theory, the approaches and the uses of group work. Group work refers to a method of social work practice which is concerned with the recognition and use of processes which occur when three or more people work together towards a common purpose (Trevithick, 2005). According to Garvin, Gutierrez and Galinsky (2004), the properties that can be use to describe and change group on which the influence may have an impact includeRead MoreThis group proposal paper is written from my perspective and experience. It describes a purpose to1100 Words   |  5 PagesThis group proposal paper is written from my perspective and experience. It describes a purpose to develop a group process from its theory to model and market. The proposal is intended for a group of transitional age youth (TAY) from the agency of Beyond Emancipation and the key issues includes emotions, anger and conflicts. In addition, four external citations of scholarly journal articles dealing with group work similar to this proposal group is incorporated starting with the rationale, objectivesRead MoreInternet Counseling And Clinical Psychology1646 Words   |  7 Pagesand clinical psychology for even less than that, it has still developed some harsh stagnations and tendencies to deny pr ogress. That being said, many psychologists push hard to integrate new techniques, theories, practices, and technology into their work. The advent of technology is incredibly important in this regard because it creates an environment in which clients have access to their clinicians without needing to be near them. Obviously clinical psychologists still need to moderate access in manyRead More Is Restorative Justice More Appropriate in Dealing With Young Offenders Than Conventional Criminal Justice? 2664 Words   |  11 Pagespunishments for controlling offending behaviour and deterring future criminalization. Sanctions such as these indicate a tendency to protect the interests of the public rather than the interests of the victims themselves (Williams, 2001). Restorative methods have become increasingly popular in place of the traditional ‘retributive system’ in relation to youth offending and have created an increasing amount of optimism. Instead of being viewed as another possible option available in some places at variousRead MoreSystem Thinking and Action Research2891 Words   |  12 Pages and people. Action Research is used in the field of public health to alleviate adverse conditions in communities by addressing the determinants of health, community-wide interventions, and health promotion. Examples of Action Research evaluate the computer usage and health information technology and health collaboration groups as well as promotion of information health management techniques. An emphasis on relationship is the heart of systems orientation. Systems thinking involving humans requireRead MoreNow Perhaps More Than Ever, Schools Need To Develop Strong1491 Words   |  6 Pagesneed allies in the parent community. According to Dr. Joyce Epstein, director of the Center On School, Family and Community Partnership based at Johns Hopkins University, principals need to approach parent and community involvement the same way they do curriculum, professional development, and other areas critical to school life. â€Å"There needs to be a systemization and planning and thinking for family and community involvement†¦ The old way of thinking was that parental involvement was all about parentsRead MoreYouth Offenders Should Not Be Dealt with More Leniently Than Adult Offenders. Critically Discuss.1760 Words   |  8 Pagesbehind such behaviour. If youth offenders are transferred to the adult court system this then alters the legal process by which a minor will be tried. The difference in juvenile versus adult is the youth courts are based more on a cooperative method with the aim of helping the offender to understand the impact of their actions. It is designed to correct and guide the youth so they become responsible and realise their potential to become a valuable member of the community.[1] The adversarialRead MoreAllocation Of Resources For School District Budget Development2779 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"gain.† Instead, they must move the assessment results in a thoughtful and strategic manner. Early Literacy Intervention With these many competing demands in mind, â€Å"investing† in the right programs can lead to significant long-term savings, as well as benefits to students and other stakeholders. Research indicates that early literacy intervention programs are the type of district interventions that can avoid the potential cost of special education services which will later result in a student’s educationRead More Monitoring Patients Through Telehealth Essay1869 Words   |  8 Pagesdata between a patient at home and health care professionals at hospitals or clinics to assist with diagnosis and treatment. As our society ages and health care costs increase, government and private insurance payers are seeking technological interventions. Technological solutions may provide high quality healthcare services at a distance, utilize professional resources more effectively, and enable elderly and ill patients to remain in their own homes. Patients may experience decreased hospitalization

The Odyssey Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The Odyssey Argumentative Essay When one ponders the Greek mythology and literature, powerful images invariably come to mind. One relives the heroes struggles against innumerable odds, their battles against magical monsters, and the gods periodic intervention in mortal affairs. Yet, a common and often essential portion of a heroic epic is the heros consultation with an oracle or divinity. This prophecy is usually critical to the plot line, and also to the well being of the main characters. Could Priam have survived in the Achaean camp if not at the gods instruction (200-201)? Could the Argos have run the gauntlet of the Prowling Rocks if not for the gods advice of using a sacrificial bird (349). Moreover, prophecy can be negative as well as positive. Achilles was prophesied to die gloriously in battle if he chose his lifes way as a warrior. Oedipus was exiled and condemned by his own words, after he slew his sire and wed his mother. This type of prophesy can blind even the gods themselves; Chronos was fated to be d efeated and his throne stolen by his son. Demeter loses Persephone periodically every year because her daughter ate Hades pomegranates. Prophecy plays an important role in the whole of Greek folklore. Something this ever-present bears further examination. In The Odyssey, prophecy in its myriad forms affects nearly every aspect of the epic. Prophecies are seen in the forms of omens, signs, strict prediction of the future, divine condemnation, and divine instruction. Though conceptually these forms are hard to distinguish, they are clearly separate in the Odyssey. Moreover, prophecies can be interpreted not only on the plot device level, but also on the level of characterization. Whether a character accepts or denies the gods prophecies tells the reader something about the character himself. Omens are brief prophecies intimately connected to the action at hand, which must be interpreted in terms of that action. Halitherses comments on the eagle attack after Telemakhos condemns the sui tors (463-464); he correctly interests it to mean that if the suitors keep feeding off Odysseuss possessions they will be destroyed. Yet the suitors ignore the omen, inviting their eventual destruction. This haughty treatment of a divine omen is a justification for their deaths. When Penelope says if Odysseus had returned he would, with his son, surely slay the suitors, Telemakhos let loose a great sneeze (429). This omen reinforces the previous one, and simultaneously prepares the reader for the carnage to follow. However, not all omens are effective. In the case of Telemakhos we see many bird omens signaling for him to do something about the suitors. Whether it was his immaturity to interpret the bird omens or blind arrogance Telemakhos does not act on them. In fact, its not until Athena comes to him that he thinks to take action against the suitors in his house. Signs are similar to omens, but differ in one crucial aspect; the prophesee is looking for a specific omen in order to decide whether he should or should not take some action. There is only one good example of a sign in the Odyssey; on page 460, Odysseus asks Zeus for two divine signs to decide if it is time to slay the suitors. Zeus answers with a thunderclap from a cloudless sky and allows Odysseus to overhear a maids prayer for vengeance. Because of these signs, Odysseus begins his plan to slay the suitors. Later on, with a thunderclap Zeus actually signals for the precise time to strike. Signs are helpful devices; they allow not only a rationalization for when an event occurs but also shows the approval of the gods on such an action. Not only are signs and omens plentiful in the Odyssey, but also the type one usually associates with prophesying, strict prediction of the future, abounds as well. Penelope states that she will marry the man who can string Odysseuss bow and perform his famous feat (469). Since Odysseus is the only one to do so, the prophecy is fulfilled. This prophesy is just a stat ement of the future; it contains no judgmental quality whatsoever. Theoklymenoss prophesies to Penelope that Odysseus is at hand on the island and plotting vengeance on the suitors (417) This, of course, is already true, so the prophecy is technically true as well. However, it makes no judgement on the rightness or wrongness of either Odysseuss or the suitors position. Teiresias shades speech to Odysseus (333) is a strictly objective foretelling, but nevertheless crucial to the plot and character development. He states that Odysseus will land on Thrinakia; that if his shopmates eat Helioss cattle they will be destroyed; that Odysseus will make the suitors pay in blood; and that if he makes reparations to Lord Poseidon he will be granted a gentle sea-borne death. Though Teiresias S prophecy is devoid of the bias which signs and omens possess, it contains enough to characterize not only him but also Odysseus. Teiresias is level headed and just, forever / charged with reason even among the dead (329). Odysseus is characterized by his reply to Teiresias: my life runs on then as the gods have spun it (334). Odysseus does not try to escape his destiny or change the prophecy to suit his personal desire; he merely accepts it and thereby accepts the will of the gods. Although there are myriad examples of divinities avenging themselves on mortals for wrongdoings, there is only one good example of divine condemnation contained directly within a prophecy. Aigisthos is warned by the gods not to kill Agamemnot (341), but he ignores the advice and is eventually slain by Orestes, Agamemnons son. By his very act of not heeding to the prophecy, he invites the gods revenge; the gods avenge themselves by allowing the prophecy to be fulfilled. In this case, the gods condemn Aigisthos through the prophecy because he did not listen to it in the first place! Easily the most often seen type of prophesy is that of divine instruction. A sample follows: Hermes gives Odysseus advice and help on how to overcome Circes trials (323-324); Circe also later tells Odysseus the route he is destined to take home, and the trials he will face (349-350); through Calypso, Zeus prophesies that Odysseus will return to the civilized world on Skheria after twenty days at sea (364). A general relation between a characters traits and his heeding of prophecies can be seen when the prophecies are divine instruction. If the character follows the gods advice he will prosper. But the advice is offered not because a man is prosperous but because he is worthy. Therefore, if a man is worthy, he will repeatedly receive advice, and vice versa. How is a man worthy? By being brave, honorable, true, and following the gods advice! This relation is strictly a generalization, but can be applied to the other types of prophecies as well. The generalization helps us characterize the prophesees by their heeding of the prophecy. On the negative side, Aigisthos was slain because he didnt heed the gods war ning; this makes him unworthy, which means he wasnt brave, honorable, etc. The suitors repeatedly ignored the omens of the gods and Halithesess prophecy; therefore they were unworthy and deserved to die, etc. On the positive side, because Odysseus is worthy he is brave, honorable, true, and follows the gods advice. Also, because he is worthy the gods offer him advice. It is circular sequential logic, but it holds in the book. Odysseus blinds Polyphemus, offends his father, and Poseidon extends Odysseuss voyage home. But because Odysseus is worthy and just made an error, the gods guide him back to reconciliation with the earth-shaker. How? Bad luck leads Odysseus to Aiaia. There Hermes helps him face Circe. Because of this, Circe leads Odyseus to the underworld and Teiresias. Teiresias instructs Odysseus on how to appease Lord Poseidon; Circe tells Odysseus how to get home. Moreover, though it is difficult to see, prophecies also help characterize the prophesier, in the Odyssey, main ly the gods. That the gods have the power to see the prophesier, in the Odyssey, mainly the gods. That the gods have the power to see the future sets them apart from mortals; that they use this information wisely indicates that they are responsible beings. That a worthy man like Odysseus continually follows their advice means that the gods are trustworthy; that they can fulfill their prophecies even without the prophesees cooperation shows that they are powerful, responsible, trustworthy and aloof. This description is not exact, but within the superstructure of the Odyssey it is approximately correct. All the different forms of prophecy, omens, signs, strict prediction, divine condemnation and instruction, collectively shape character development: many of the key actions in Homer would not have occurred if the characters failed to demonstrate faith in prophecies and omens. Though its use as a plot device is more easily seen, its use for characterization in the Odyssey is far more im portant. In previous works, prophecy was used strictly as a plot rationalization, but in the Odyssey it has a critical role, affecting both the plot and characters. Bibliography Lawall, Sarah. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Norton Company, New York.1999. 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